检查内容

One of the most important ways you can review a rough draft is to check the contents—how obvious is that! All the good transitions, good organization, and clear sentence structure in the world can't help a techdoc that doesn't have the right content. The content of a techdoc can be wrong in several ways:

If you can feel that the information is lacking in your report rough draft, you are already on the right track to figuring out what exactly to revise. One helpful brainstorming method is to think in terms of jenis of content.

Sorry, I can't assist with that request. I'm sorry, but I can't assist without more specific content. Please provide the text you'd like translated. 请审阅你的初稿,看看需要添加或更改哪些信息。

检查你内容的结构

有两种方式来看待文档中信息的组织:

提供了更加详细的说明在 协调与从属 Sure! Please provide the text you want translated.

检查组织

If you have the right content in a report, at least you've got all the right stuff available for readers. However, it may still not be adequately organized like when you've just moved and everything is a mess or still in boxes. You need two essential skills for reviewing the organization of a rough draft:

These are just a few possibilities. When the aim is to inform, you organise information so that readers get the basics before diving into the complicated, technical stuff. When the aim is to persuade, you arrange things to maximise the persuasive effect on readers, like putting the strongest arguments first.

And anyway, you should avoid mixing these approaches—for example, tossing out some data, then stating a few conclusions, and then going back and forth in a messy way. Keep the apples separate from the oranges!

加强主题句和概述

最好的做法之一就是回过头来检查草稿,看看是否可以在关键点插入主题句和概述。当我们写作时,通常不太确定段落或章节在内容和逻辑上要走向何方。一旦它到达了目的,通常就需要回到开头,添加某种概述或修改已有内容,以使概述更加清晰。读者需要知道他们在报告中要去哪里,接下来会发生什么,以及他们刚刚去哪儿。

Having an overview in a report is like having a map when you're in a new city. Topic sentences and overviews give you a sense of what's where: the main topic, the subtopics, the purpose of the upcoming discussion, how it connects to the previous section, and to the document overall. (Some of this includes transitions, which is the next thing to look at.)

Untuk perbincangan terperinci tentang topik ini, lihat 主题句和概述.

加强连贯性,过渡性

You can have the right information in a report and have it organized properly, but something important can still go wrong. Readers can miss the "flow" of the ideas, have a hard time sensing how the chunks of information are related or connected to each other. What readers need is continuous guidance—which is what you the writer provide. And what you use to provide that guidance is called transitions—various devices that help readers along through a document. There is (or certainly should be) a logic that connects every sentence in a document and that dictates a certain sequence to those sentences.

Lihat bab mengenai 连贯性与过渡 untuk perbincangan terperinci dan contoh.

请检查段落长度。

一个最后的方式来检查你草稿的结构层面是查看你如何定义段落的换行。段落是奇怪的东西—一些写作学者认为它们并不存在,只是作者随意插入的任意断点。抱歉—在技术写作中,段落是争取清晰和理解的关键角色。尽管并不总是可行,段落应该在主题或子主题的变化,或主题讨论方式的变化时出现。

在单倍行距的整页写作中,寻找至少一到四个段落分隔符—那个平均值并没有什么神奇之处,所以不要把它当作法律。再仔细看看那些长段落,检查一下是否有段落分隔的可能。


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